Who Invented the First Telescopes? | Telescope History | Hubble telescope | World first Telescope

First Telescope

The telescope is one of the most important discoveries of mankind. A simple device that looks at things from a distance gives observers a new perspective. As curious men stared at the sky through the spyglass, the view of the earth and our place in the universe changed forever.

One of galileo's first telescopes

But the identity of the inventor of the telescope is still a mystery. Although the discovery changed the way mankind viewed the universe forever, the glassmaking and lens-grinding techniques improved in the late 1500s, allowing one to grab two lenses and discover what they could do.

The invention of the telescope is attributed to Hans Lipsey.

The first person to apply for a patent for binoculars was Dutch spectacle maker Hans Lipershe (or Liperhe). In 1608, Lippershey claimed a device that could triple the size of objects. His binoculars formed an concave eyepiece with a convex objective lens. One thing is that his shop was inspected by two children with two lenses, which gave him an idea of ​​the design that made the distant weather look closer. Others at the time claimed that he had stolen the designs of another spectacle maker, Jakha Jansen.

Jensen and Lipershe lived in the same city and both worked making optical equipment. Scholars generally argue that there is no evidence that Lipershe did not develop telescopes independently. So the patent application credits Lipershe to binoculars, while Jensen is credited with inventing the compound microscope. Both seem to have contributed to the development of both devices.

Confused, another Dutchman, Jacob Matius, applied for a patent for the telescope a few weeks after Lipershe. The Netherlands government rejected both applications due to objections. Also, officials said the device was easy to reproduce, making it difficult to patent. In the end, Matius received a small reward, but the government paid a handsome fee to Lipershe to make copies of his binoculars.

Enter Galileo

In 1609 Galileo Galilei heard about "Dutch perspective glasses" and in a few days he designed one of his own - never seen before. He made some improvements - he magnified objects 20 times - and introduced his device to the Venetian Senate. According to Stalman Drake in his book Galileo Work: His Scientific Biography (Courier Dover Publications, 2003) (Sr.), the Senate appointed him a lifelong lecturer at the University of Padua and doubled his salary.

Galileo's Moon Ink Rendering: First Telescopic Observation of an Astronomical Object

Galileo showed the direction of the first sky in the direction of the telescope. He was able to create mountains and craters on the moon, as well as a ribbon of arching light spread across the sky - the galaxy. He also discovered the rings of Saturn, the Sun, and the four moons of Jupiter.

Thomas Harriet, a British ethnographer and mathematician also used spyglass to observe the moon. Harriet became famous for his travels for details about the sources in the early colonies of Virginia. His August 1609 lunar sketches preceded Galileo's, but were never published.

The more Galileo looked, the more convinced he was of the Sun-centered Copernican model of the planets. Galileo wrote a book entitled "The Two Major World Systems of Dialogue, the Ptolemaic and the Copernican" and dedicated it to Pope Urban VIII. But his ideas were considered ideological and Galileo was asked to appear in Rome in 1633 for questioning. He bargained for a lawyer and was sentenced to life in prison, where he continued writing until his death in 1642.

Elsewhere in Europe, scientists began to improve telescopes. Johannes Kepler studied optics and designed a telescope with two convex lenses so that images could be seen from above. Working from Kepler's writings, Isaac Newton thought it was better to tie a telescope through a mirror than a lens, and in 1668 built it with a reflective telescope. Centuries later, reflective telescopes dominated astronomy. 

Exploring the universe

In 1897 the largest refracting telescope (used to use and illuminate lenses) was opened at the Yerx Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin. But the 40-inch (1 meter) glass lens in Yerkes was soon obsolete by large mirrors. In 1917, the Hooker 100-inch (2. m) reflective telescope was unveiled at the Mount Wilson Observatory in Pasadena, California. It was there that astronomer Edwin Hubble determined that the Andromeda Nebula really did exist (some astronomers argued) that it was too long. The Milky Way is 2.5 million light-years away.

The development of radio enabled scientists to study not only light but also other electromagnetic radiation in space. An American engineer named Carl Jansky was the first man to discover radio radiation from space in 1931. In the center of the galaxy he found a source of radio interference. The radio telescope then created the shape of the galaxy and the existence of background microwave radiation which confirmed the predictions in the Big Bang theory.

The famous telescope

Here are some of the more famous telescopes:
 
Hubble Space Telescope:

These binoculars were launched in 1990. Some of Hubble's major contributions include determining the age of the universe with greater accuracy, finding more moons near Pluto, observing galaxies in the young universe, observing space weather on outer planets, and observing exoplanets. This was not the case with the telescope, as the first major eruption of the weak was not discovered until the mid-1990s.

Hubble telescope

An error was fixed in its mirror in 1993 with an upgrade of the space shuttle crew. Hubble's shuttle crew carried out five servicing missions, the last of which was in the 200's. To date this health is good and some observations are expected to be covered. The James Webb Space Telescope (Hubble) is part of a set of four "great observatories" started by NASA in the 1990s and 2000s. Other members included the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and the Lunar X-Ray Observatory. )

James Webb Space Telescope:

It is Hubble's successor, and according to the latest forecast for 2020, its launch date is often several years late. Unlike Hubble, the telescope will be parked far from Earth and beyond the reach of repairmen. His science will look at four major themes: the first light of the universe, how the first galaxies formed, how the stars formed, and the origin of life (including exoplanets).

James Webb Space Telescope

Kepler telescope:

Since the first launch of this planet-hunting machine in 2009, more than 4,000 possible planets have been discovered. Initially focused on one part of the Cygnus constellation, but in 2013 consistently created a new mission in which Kepler continued to orbit different regions. The sky. One of Kepler's main contributions has been to find more super-earthly and rocky planets, which are hard to find near bright stars.

Kepler telescope

Atacama Large Millimeter / Submillimeter Array (ALMA):

This telescope in Chile has 66 receivers and young people are looking for dust (or dust through stars and galaxies) in the planetary system to see how its cosmic objects are formed. It was fully operational by 2013. Alma is characteristic in its sensitivity as it has many receivers available. Some of its results include the clearest image of the star beetle gauge and accurate measurements of black hole masses.

Atacama large millimeter / submillimeter array

Arecibo Observatory:

The observatory has been in operation since 1963 and is famous for its study of radio astronomy. The Puerto Rican telescope is also known for its message called the Arerobo message, directed at the globular cluster M13 in 1974. The observatory was damaged during the 2017 Puerto Rico hurricane. In popular culture, Arecibo was also the culmination of the 1995 James Bond film "Goldneye" and appeared in the 1997 film "Contact".

Arecibo Observatory

Carl G.  Jansky is a very big array:

This is a set of 27 telescopes located in the desert of New Mexico.  Construction began on the VLA in 1973.  Some of VLA's main discoveries include finding ice on Wednesday, peeking into the dusty galaxy, and forming black holes.  The 1997 film "Contact" in the telescope array also had a featured site that received a planned extramarital signal.

Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array

WM Cake Observatory:

Dual Telescopes at WM The Cake Observatory in Hawaii has the largest optical and infrared binoculars available. Binoculars began their work in 1993 and 1996. Some of their major discoveries include finding some of their main constellations, the main explanet "transiting" on its original star, and learning about the movements of stars in the nearby Andromeda Galaxy.

W.M. Cake Observatory

Palomar Observatory:

The Palomar Observatory, located in San Diego County, California, began operations in 1949. The telescope is best known for exploring the small worlds of Quar, Sedna and Eris in the Kuiper Belt, but the work also includes the discovery of supernovae (star explosions). Tracking asteroids and observing gamma-ray bursts.

Palomar Observatory