Most of us have just one beautiful face of what we call the Internet - browser windows, websites, URLs and the search bar. But the real Internet, the brain behind the information superhideway, is a complex set of protocols and rules that one had to develop before one could go to the World Wide Web. Computer scientists Vinton Surf and Bob Kahn are credited with inventing the Internet communication protocol we use today, and the system is referred to as the Internet.
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| Bob Kahn |
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| Vint Cerf |
Before the current repetition of the Internet, two research teams at UCLA and Stanford first experimented with long-distance networking between computers in a 1969 experiment. Although the system crashed in an initial attempt to log in to a neighboring computer, researchers led by Leonard Kleinrock succeeded in creating the first two-node network. The experiment was also the first test of "computer packet switching", a method of transferring data between two computer systems. Packet switching divides information into smaller “packets” of data that are then transported through multiple different channels and reassembled at their destination. The packet-switching method is still the basis of data transfer today. When you send an email to someone, instead of having to establish a connection with the recipient before you send it, the email is broken into packets and can be read when all the packets are reassembled and received.
As you might expect from such a vast and ever-changing technology, it is impossible to attribute the discovery of the Internet to a single man. The Internet was the work of dozens of pioneer scientists, programmers, and engineers who each developed new features and technologies that eventually merged into the "information highway" we know today.
Before technology actually existed before the Internet was created, many scientists had already expected the existence of information networks around the world. Nikola Tesla supported the idea of a "world wireless system" in the early 1900s, and visionary thinkers such as Paul Olette and Vannevar Bush came up with the idea of a mechanized, searchable book and media archive in the 1930s and 1940s.
Still, MIT's J.C.R. Until then, the first practical schematics of the Internet had not reached the early 1960s. Lickleider popularized the idea of a computer's "intergalactic network". Soon after, computer scientists developed the concept of "packet switching", a method of effectively transmitting electronic data that would later become one of the main buildings of the Internet.
The first workable model of the Internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of the ARPANET or Advanced Research Project Agency Network. Originally from the U.S. Funded by the Department of Defense, ARPNET used a packet switch to allow multiple networks to communicate on a single network.
On October 29, 1969, ARPNet delivered the first message: "Node-to-node" communication from one computer to another. (The first computer was located in a research laboratory at UCLA, and the second was at Stanford; each was the size of a small house.) The Stanford computer received only the first two letters of the note.
In the 1970s, scientists Robert Kahn and Winton Surf developed the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol, or TCP / IP, which set the standard for how data could be transmitted across multiple networks.
Arpanet adopted TCP / IP on January 1, 1983, and from there researchers began to integrate "networks of networks" that became the modern Internet. Then in 1990, when computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee discovered the World Wide Web, the online world became more recognizable. Although it is often confused with the Internet, websites are the most common means of getting data online in the form of websites and hyperlinks.
The web helped to popularize the Internet, and it served as an important step in developing the vast amount of information that most of us now access on a daily basis.
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